Successful initiatives consider these program elements and strategies in design, development, and implementation. There are key program elements and strategies that are specific to those programs that are designed and implemented to enhance the partnership roles of parents, families, communities, and schools. Districtwide programs provide the vehicle for parents and community members to be involved in roles that reach beyond the immediate impact of an individual child to the impact on all children in the district. Parents and community members as participants in the education of all children incorporates a broader vision in the partnership between schools and the populations they serve.Changing activities creating new relationships between parents, families, communities, and schools and implementing innovative strategies are ways that schools can restructure to facilitate parent and community involvement in this role. Restructuring schools to create parent and community partnerships with schools focuses on organizational structure. Parents and community members as supporters and advocates for the education of their children is facilitated through site-based school restructuring.This partnership role between parents and/or family members and schools may have the greatest impact on achievement. Home learning is the activity, or set of activities, that parents and family members may engage in to help their children succeed academically. Parents as the primary resource in the education of their children is best exemplified in home learning.Each of these roles is actualized in very different ways in relationships in classrooms, schools, and school districts: While parents, family, and community members may assume specific roles as they become involved in the education of children, for example as volunteers in the classroom (see Epstein and Connors' typology, 1993), a synthesis of the literature reveals three overarching roles that are created in the development and implementation of parent and community involvement programs (Lyons, Robbins and Smith, l983 Lynn, l994). The Development and Implementation Of Parent and Community Involvement Programs Overview
Chapter 3 A r c h i v e d I n f o r m a t i o n Studies of Education Reform: Parent and Community Involvement in Education - 1995 Summary Review of the Literature Chapter 3
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